| 摘要: |
| 目的:了解头孢菌素致16岁以下儿童不良反应(ADR)的情况,探究其发生规律。方法:检索《万方数据》中有关头孢菌素引起ADR的文献资料(1998-2016),筛选收集16岁以下儿童ADR的案例报告,按年龄、性别、给药途经、原患疾病、ADR发生时间及表现进行统计分析。结果: 引起ADR的头孢菌素共有26种, 居前3位的品种为头孢曲松(23.78%)、头孢拉定(17.92%)、头孢噻肟(14.01%)。ADR在3~6岁的儿童中发生较多; 多表现为全身性损害(31.92%)、血液系统损害(28.01%)、皮肤及其附件损害(12.05%);过敏性休克(26.06%)、血尿(19.54%) 是主要的临床表现;发生时间主要为用药后30 min内(36.81%)。过敏性休克多发于用药后10 min内(62.50%)。引起过敏性休克的主要药物是头孢曲松(23.75%)和头孢噻肟(22.50%)。引起血尿的主要药物是头孢拉定(80.00%)。307例病例中有12例(3.91%)死亡。结论:临床应重视头孢
菌素在儿童中引起的ADR,警惕其严重ADR(如过敏性休克、溶血)的发生,以确保用药安全。 |
| 关键词: 头孢菌素 药物不良反应 青少年 儿童 文献分析 |
| DOI：doi:10.13407/j.cnki.jpp.1672-108X.2018.09.011 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Literature Analysis of 307 Cases of Cephalosporin-Induced Adverse Drug Reactions in Children under 16 Years Old |
| Fan Ming |
| (Central Hospital of Shanghai Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective: To investigate the situation of cephalosporin-induced adverse drug reactions (ADR) in children under 16 years old, and to probe into the occurrence regularities. Methods: Literature related to cephalosporin-induced ADR in Wanfang database (from 1998 to 2016) were retrieved, and the case reports of ADR in children under 16 years old were screened and collected. Statistical analysis was conducted on age, gender, route of administration, original disease, occurrence time and performance of ADR. Results: There were 26 types of cephalosporins-induced ADR, and the top three varieties were respectively ceftriaxone (23.78%), cefradine (17.92%) and cefotaxime (14.01%). ADR occurred more frequently in children aged 3 to 6 years, mainly performed as systemic damage (31.92%), blood system damage (28.01%) and skin and attachment damage (12.05%); anaphylactic shock (26.06%) and hematuria (19.54%) were the main clinical manifestations. The occurrence time was mainly within 30 min after administration (36.81%). Anaphylactic shock mostly occurred within 10 minutes after administration (62.50%). Anaphylactic shock was mainly induced by ceftriaxone (23.75%) and cefotaxime (22.50%). Hematuria was mainly induced by cefradine (80.00%). And 12 cases (3.91%) died. Conclusion: Clinical attention should be paid to cephalosporins-induced ADR in children, and the occurrence of severe ADR (such as anaphylactic shock, hemolysis) should be guarded to ensure the safety of medication. |
| Key words: cephalosporins adverse drug reactions adolescents children literature analysis |
