| 摘要: |
| 目的:研究儿童呼吸道感染病原体分布及流行病学特征。方法:选取2023 年于河南中医药大学第一附属医院因呼吸道
感染住院治疗的患儿2 559 例,检测病原体类型,分析其分布情况、流行病学特征情况。结果:共收集标本2 559 例,男性多于女
性,年龄0~14(5. 74±3. 57)岁,阳性检出率为96. 83%。共检出病原体5 639 株,革兰阳性菌958 株(16. 99%);革兰阴性菌1 308 株
(23. 20%);病毒1 998 株(35. 43%);真菌114 株(2. 02%);支原体、衣原体、立克次体1 182 株(20. 96%),最常见的病原体为肺炎支
原体(MP)、流感嗜血杆菌(Hi)、肺炎链球菌(SP)、鼻病毒(RV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)。2 559 份标本中检出MP 1 182 株,不同
性别儿童MP 检出率比较差异无统计学意义,6~14 岁儿童MP 检出率最高(P<0. 05),在10-12 月期间检出率最高(P<0. 05)。
MP 基因23S rRNA 区域耐药突变位点主要为A2063G,耐药率达89. 85%。结论:儿童呼吸道感染病原体以MP、Hi、SP、RV、RSV
为主,不同性别、年龄、发病月份有特异性分布,其中MP 耐药基因突变率达到89. 85%。呼吸道感染在临床上须尽早诊断,早明
确,合理用药,以便控制病情、改善预后。
[关键词]儿童;呼吸道感染;病原学;肺炎支原体;流行病学特征 |
| 关键词: 儿童 呼吸道感染 病原学 肺炎支原体 流行病学特征 |
| DOI：doi:10.13407/j.cnki. jpp.1672-108X.2024.11.005 |
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| 基金项目:基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金,编号82205190;河南省中医药科学研究专项课题,编号2022JDZX088。 |
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| Investigation of Pathogen Distribution and Epidemiological Characteristics of Respiratory Tract Infectionsin 2,559 Children |
| Wan Ziling1,2, Ma Shuxia1,2, Xu Yan1 |
| (1. Pediatric Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,
Zhengzhou 450000, China; 2. School of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective: To study the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in children with respiratory tract
infection. Methods: A total of 2,559 children hospitalized for respiratory tract infection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan
University of Chinese Medicine in 2023 were selected to detect pathogen types and analyze the distribution and epidemiological
characteristics. Results: A total of 2,559 specimens were collected, with more males than females, and age of 0 to 14 (5.74±3.57) years.
The positive detection rate was 96. 83%. A total of 5,639 pathogens were detected, including 958 Gram-positive strains (16. 99%),
1,308 strains (23. 20%) of Gram-negative bacteria, 1,998 strains of virus (35. 43%), 114 strains of fungi (2. 02%). There were
1,182 strains (20. 96%) of Mycoplasma, Chlamydia and Rickettsia. The most common pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP),
Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), rhinovirus (RV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Totally
1,182 strains of MP was detected in 2,559 specimens, and there was no significant difference in the detection rate of MP among different
genders. The detection rate of MP was the highest in children aged from 6 to 14 years (P<0. 05), and the highest detection rate was
from Oct. to Dec. (P<0. 05). The site of drug resistance mutation in the 23S rRNA region of MP gene was mainly A2063G, and the
drug resistance rate reached 89. 85%. Conclusion: The main pathogens of respiratory tract infections in children are mainly MP, Hi,
SP, RV, and RSV, and the specific distribution is different in gender, age and month of onset, with the mutation rate of MP resistance
gene reached 89. 85%. Respiratory tract infection should be diagnosed as soon as possible, early clarification and rational use of drugs
are necessary for controlling the disease and improving the prognosis. |
| Key words: children respiratory tract infection etiology Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemiological characteristics |
